Assessment of backward walking unmasks mobility impairments in post-stroke community ambulators

Background: While over half of stroke survivors recover the ability to walk without assistance, deficits persist in the performance of walking adaptations necessary for safe home and community mobility. One such adaptation is the ability to walk or step backward. Post-stroke rehabilitation rarely includes backward walking (BW) assessment and BW deficits have not been quantified in post-stroke community ambulators.

Objective: To quantify spatiotemporal and kinematic BW characteristics in post-stroke community ambulators and compare their performance to controls.

Methods: Individuals post-stroke (n = 15, 60.1 ± 12.9 years, forward speed: 1.13 ± 0.23 m/s) and healthy adults (n = 12, 61.2 ± 16.2 years, forward speed: 1.40 ± 0.13 m/s) performed forward walking (FW) and BW during a single session. Step characteristics and peak lower extremity joint angles were extracted using 3D motion analysis and analyzed with mixed-method ANOVAs (group, walking condition).

Results: The stroke group demonstrated greater reductions in speed, step length and cadence and a greater increase in double-support time during BW compared to FW (p < .01). Compared to FW, the post-stroke group demonstrated greater reductions in hip extension and knee flexion during BW (p < .05). The control group demonstrated decreased plantarflexion and increased dorsiflexion during BW, but these increases were attenuated in the post-stroke group (p < .05).

Conclusions: Assessment of BW can unmask post-stroke walking impairments not detected during typical FW. BW impairments may contribute to the mobility difficulties reported by adults post-stroke. Therefore, BW should be assessed when determining readiness for home and community ambulation.     

手术室新护士三年阶梯式培训模式探讨

目的探讨手术室新护士三年培训模式和方法。方法采用三年阶梯式培养模式,建立完整的系统培训架构,包括培训对象的界定、培训原则及目的、培训目标师资队伍的培养、阶段培养计划、使用培训手册、培训考核体系的建立、培训评价体系的建立等。结果新护士培训系统、科学。结论新护士三年阶梯式培养值得深入研究和推广应用。     

经肺动脉与支气管动脉血管造影的CTA观察原发肺癌的血供

目的用支气管动脉(BA)和肺动脉(PA)造影CTA观察肺癌血供情况。方法前瞻性观察6例支气管肺癌患者,分别行体循环动脉和肺动脉数字减影血管造影(DSA)后,留置BA导管与PA导管行CTBA与CTPA,观察BA与PA对肺癌的血供。结果CTPA上,无体动脉与左心强化的图像上肿瘤未见强化,有体动脉或左心强化的图像上见肿瘤边缘强化,CT强化值为10.0~45.6 Hu。CTBA上肿瘤部分明显强化,CT强化值为150.3~320.7 Hu,可见杂乱无章的肿瘤血管影,3例见纵隔淋巴结强化。结论本组病例观察表明原发性肺癌由BA为主的多发体循环动脉供血,未发现PA参与供血。     

Lumbar Spinal Cord Stimulation Can Improve Muscle Strength and Gait Independently of the Analgesic Effect: A Case Report

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely used for pain relief in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), and muscle weakness is a common finding in patients with chronic pain. We present here a single case report of a 47‐year‐old woman, who, after SCS for FBSS, had continuous improvement in lower leg muscle strength and gait, but only transient and minimal pain relief. To the authors’ knowledge, this is only the second published case report of significant improvement in “motor” function, independent of the analgesic effect following SCS in FBSS. If SCS, in fact, does improve muscle strength, new strategies for the management of patients with chronic pain might be opened up. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.     

异常灌注评分法评价肺血栓栓塞症患者治疗效果的价值

目的 分析异常灌注评分法对肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）疗效的评估价值。方法 选择明确诊断为急性PTE的患者46例，在治疗前及治疗后14d行肺灌注显像，2位核医学科医师分别对肺灌注显像图进行定性分析，随后采用异常灌注评分法和Parker创建的肺段评分法进行肺灌注显像结果判读，比较两者在判读结果方面的一致性及其相关性，并比较2种方法所示的治疗后灌注改善率。结果 2位医师对左肺灌注结果判读的一致性为100％（Kappa值为1．0），对右肺灌注结果判读的一致性为91．3％（Kappa值为0．69）。治疗前后2种灌注评分结果均有较高度的一致性（Kappa值分别为0．657和0．665，P均〈0．001）。在治疗前和治疗后通过2种评分方法所计算的联合评分均呈显著正相关（r值分别为0．770和0．771，P均〈0．001）。肺灌注改善率在2种评分方法之间无显著差异（P=0．128）。结论 异常灌注评分法判读简单，是评价PTE治疗效果的较好方法。     

Evaluation of Training Course Effects on Integrated Sexual and Reproductive Health Counseling

Since the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994, and the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995, the international organizations and public health communities have paid more attention to reproductiv…     

Ross手术的临床应用现状

Ross手术自1967年应用于临床以来，已被用于各种原因引起的主动脉瓣狭窄、左心室流出道梗阻和二尖瓣病变。Ross手术经历了诸如根部置换、圆筒形包埋技术、瓣环缩小技术、Ross—Konno手术和自体肺动脉瓣二尖瓣置换术（Ross—Kabbani手术或RossⅡ手术）。由于自体肺动脉瓣有不需抗凝、大小适宜、能存活、生长和长期耐久的特性，并具有良好的血流动力学表现和对细菌性心内膜炎有抵抗力的优点，尤其适用于妊娠期妇女、儿童和青少年。现就Ross手术的外科技术、手术指征、选择标准、外科处理主动脉瓣狭窄、左心室流出道梗阻和二尖瓣病变的临床应用进展和效果进行综述。     

急性肺栓塞时心肌血流灌注的变化

目的观察急性肺栓塞（APE）后冠状动脉血流量及心脏肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）与肌红蛋白（Mb）含量变化，探讨心肌血流灌注在急性肺栓塞继发心肌损伤机制中的作用。方法通过介入方法经导管注入自体血栓选择性栓塞肺动脉，建立不同栓塞面积的急性肺栓塞动物模型。监测栓前、栓后5、30min，1、2h冠状动脉血流量变化及栓后4h血清cTnT与Mb含量。结果急性肺栓塞后血清cTnT与Mb含量升高。急性肺栓塞导致冠状动脉血流量显著下降，肺血管栓塞后15～30min降至最低值，30min后趋于平稳。右冠血流量下降程度与肺栓塞面积有显著相关性。结论冠状动脉血流量减少及血清心肌结构蛋白含量升高为急性肺栓塞继发心肌缺血改变提供了直接证据。急性心肌缺血严重影响急性肺栓塞的预后。